Women who are at risk of delivering a premature baby are usually presented with three options: 1) resuscitate the baby or initiate intensive care if necessary with the opportunity to withdraw the request if the prognosis at birth is poor; 2) comfort care only (keep the baby comfortable without medical care procedures); 3) resuscitate if the baby's condition is good, but only comfort care if the prognosis is poor.
However, parents may have the misconception that resuscitation counseling and procedures are the same at different hospitals. The authors were surprised to find that all 27 infants who were delivered at 23 to 24 weeks gestation were resuscitated. They point out that this finding is not because resuscitation occurred against the wishes of the parents, but rather that the atmosphere and policies of the hospital may have an effect on the parents' final decision.
The experience, expectations, and training of the hospital staff could also play a role in the outcomes of neonatal counseling. Dr. J.M. Lorenz concurs with this idea in his editorial, stating that some doctors may impose their own values on parents rather than acting on their medical knowledge, expertise, and experience.
"There is a need for more complete documentation of the conversations between parents and medical staff to ensure that the decision-making process is clear to everyone concerned," says Dr. Barrington. After the completion of this study, Royal Victoria Hospital has introduced a procedure that includes an information sheet that is given to all parents facing an extremely preterm delivery. The sheet emphasizes the parents' role in the decision making at 23 to 24 weeks gestation and highlights the long- and short-term outcomes according to gestational age. 
